Title

The title should be concise, informative, and specific, accurately reflecting the core findings or purpose of the manuscript. Avoid abbreviations, vague phrases, or overly broad wording. Titles framed only as questions or those lacking clear scientific direction should be avoided.

Type of Manuscript

The authors should mention the type of manuscript clearly (Review/Case report/Original study/Systematic review/Meta-analysis)

Abstract

The abstract should be a single structured paragraph summarizing the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions of the study in 250 words. It should be understandable to a broad academic readership. References, tables, figures, and excessive abbreviations should not be included.

Keywords

Authors must provide 5–8 relevant keywords that accurately represent the manuscript content and enhance discoverability.

Manuscript Structure

Original research articles should generally follow this structure:

• Introduction: Brief and focused, outlining the study rationale
• Materials and Methods: Sufficient detail for reproducibility, including ethical approval where applicable
• Results: Clear presentation of findings without interpretation
• Discussion: Interpretation of results in context of existing literature, limitations, and future directions

Other article types should follow structures appropriate to their category.

Ethical Considerations

Studies involving human participants, animals, or identifiable data must include a clear ethics approval statement and confirmation of informed consent where applicable. Authors are responsible for adherence to internationally accepted ethical standards.

Language and Style

Manuscripts should be written in American or British English, used consistently throughout. Authors are encouraged to ensure clarity, precision, and grammatical accuracy prior to submission. Language editing does not influence editorial decisions.

Inclusive and respectful language must be used at all times. Any language implying bias, discrimination, or exclusion is unacceptable.

Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Generative AI tools may be used only for language refinement or technical assistance, not for generating original scientific content. AI tools must not be listed as authors. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript. Any AI assistance must be transparently acknowledged.

Figures and Tables

Figures and tables should be clear, high-quality, and cited sequentially in the text. Captions must be descriptive and placed at the end of the manuscript. Images should meet standard resolution requirements and be suitable for PDF publication.

References

Manuscripts must be supported by relevant, recent, peer-reviewed literature. References should be accurate, complete, and formatted consistently using either Vancouver (numbered) style, as specified by the journal.

Authors must ensure that cited articles are valid and not retracted unless explicitly stated and justified. Citations must be in square brackets and before the period/full stop. Citations need not be in super script.

Acknowledgments and Disclosures

Acknowledgments should briefly recognize contributions that do not qualify for authorship. Funding sources, conflicts of interest, and prior dissemination (such as thesis work) must be transparently disclosed.

Authorship and Affiliations

All listed authors must have made substantial scholarly contributions. Affiliations should be clearly stated and linked to authors using superscript numbering. One corresponding author must be designated with a valid email address. Details of authors including full name, degree, subject, college/institution, place and country should be mentioned. Phone number and Email ID of corresponding author should be mentioned.

Supplementary Material

Supporting files such as datasets, extended tables, or additional figures may be submitted as supplementary material. These files are published as provided and should be clearly labelled and referenced in the main text.